CC-TDIL01 51308386-175
CC-TDIL01 51308386-175
CC-TDIL01 51308386-175
:祖巧麗
:
下面用一個簡單的例子來進一步說明PLC的掃描工作過程。圖1-6給出了PLC的外部接線圖和梯形圖,起動按鈕SB1停止按鈕SB2和熱繼電器FR的常開觸點分別接在編號為X0~X2的PLC的輸入端,交流接觸器KM的線圈接在編號為Y0的PLC的輸出端。圖1-6b是這4個輸入/輸出變量對應(yīng)的I/O映像寄存器,圖l-6c是PLC的梯形圖,它與圖1-3所示的繼電器電路的功能相同。但是應(yīng)注意,梯形圖是一種軟件,是PLC圖形化的程序。圖中的X0等是梯形圖中的編程元件,X0~-X2是輸入繼電器,Y0是輸出繼電器。梯形圖中的編程元件X0與接在輸入端子X0的SBl的常開觸點和輸入映像寄存器X0相對應(yīng),編程元件Y0與輸出映像寄存器Y0和接在輸出端子Y0的PLC內(nèi)部的輸出電路相對應(yīng)。
梯形圖以指令的形式儲存在PLC的用戶程序存儲器中,圖l-6中的梯形圖與下面的5條指令相對應(yīng),“;”之后是該指令的注釋。
LD X0 :接在左側(cè)母線上的X0的常開觸點
OR Y0 ;與X0的常開觸點并聯(lián)的Y0的常開觸點
ANI X1 ;與并聯(lián)電路串聯(lián)的X1的常閉觸點
ANI X2 ;串聯(lián)的X2的常閉觸點
OUT Y0 ;Y0的線圈
圖1-6中的梯形圖完成的邏輯運算為
Y0=(X0+Y0)·X1·X2
在輸入處理階段,CPU將SBl,SB2和FR的常開觸點的狀態(tài)讀入相應(yīng)的輸入映像寄存器,外部觸點接通時存入寄存器的是二進制數(shù)l,反之存入0。
執(zhí)行第l條指令時,從X0對應(yīng)的輸入映像寄存器中取出二進制數(shù)并保存起來。執(zhí)行第2條指令時,取出Y0對應(yīng)的輸出映像寄存器中的二進制數(shù),與X0對應(yīng)的二進制數(shù)相“或”(電路的并聯(lián)對應(yīng)“或”運算)。
執(zhí)行第3條或第4條指令時,分別取出xl或X2對應(yīng)的輸入映像寄存器中的二進制數(shù),因為是常閉觸點,取反后與前面的運算結(jié)果相“與”(電路的串聯(lián)對應(yīng)“與”運算),然后存入運算結(jié)果寄存器。
執(zhí)行第5條指令時,將運算結(jié)果寄存器中的二進制數(shù)送入Y0對應(yīng)的輸出映像寄存器。 在輸出處理階段,CPU將各輸出映像寄存器中的二進制數(shù)傳送給輸出模塊并鎖存起來,如果Y0對應(yīng)的輸出映像寄存器存放的是二進制數(shù)1,外接的KM的線圈將通電,反之將斷電。
如果讀入輸入映像寄存器X0~X2的均為二進制數(shù)0,在程序執(zhí)行階段,經(jīng)過上述邏輯運算過程之后,運算結(jié)果仍為Y0=0,所以KM的線圈處于斷電狀態(tài)。按下起動按鈕SBl,X0變?yōu)?/span>l狀態(tài),經(jīng)邏輯運算后Y0變?yōu)?/span>1狀態(tài),在輸出處理階段,將Y0對應(yīng)的輸出映像寄存器中的1送到輸出模塊,PLC內(nèi)Y0對應(yīng)的物理繼電器的常開觸點接通,接觸器KM的線圈通電.
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